Conflicts hold up govt plan
- June 4, 2005
PM's vision slow to get off the ground
Conflicts between local people
and the authorities and among government agencies have dogged the
development of this resort island into the "Phuket of the East'' as
envisaged by Prime Minister Thaksin Shinawatra.
Since Mr Thaksin announced his vision four years ago, little progress has
been made.
In 2003, a public organisation called Designated Area for Sustainable
Tourism Administration (Dasta) was established to draft and implement the
tourism development master plan. It is headed by Tunya Hanphol, former
governor of the Provincial Waterworks Authority.
The government has set aside about 900 million baht for Dasta in the last
two years.
Plodprasop Suraswadi, then Forestry chief who was appointed to head a
special committee in charge of tourism development of the island, plans to
gear Koh Chang and its 52 satellite islands towards offering specific
entertainment, such as "Golf Island,''"Safari Island'' and "Spa Island''.
But so far these ideas are still on paper.
Most of Dasta's 14 projects, including development of a sewage management
system, laying an undersea pipeline to take fresh water from the mainland to
satellite islands, and construction of Koh Chang naval battlement memorial,
are at the study and design stages. The most advanced project is
construction of a garbage disposal site, which is located on a 25-rai plot
of land in the national park area.
The only complete project is Dasta's outreach office and luxury wooden
cottages catering to the agency's executives and visiting government
officers.
Mr Tunya, Dasta's acting director, admitted slow progress, particularly in
drafting the tourism development master plan, which was expected to be
completed this week _ two years behind schedule.
The master plan, he said, integrated three Koh Chang development blueprints
drafted by the Tourism Authority of Thailand, the National Economic and
Social Development Board, and the Public Works and Town and Country Planning
Department.
The three agencies had spent more than 70 million baht to draft the plans,
he said. But none was good enough, so Dasta hired a private consultant for
4.5 million baht to do it instead.
" This should be a lesson for future tourism development in other designated
areas, such as Koh Samet and Koh Phi Phi,'' he said. " Agencies must work
more closely together in drafting a master plan instead of spending a lot of
money doing their own versions.''
He blamed slow progress on illegal occupation of several plots of public
land where infrastructure construction projects are planned. He referred to
the construction of a garbage disposal plant and wastewater treatment
facilities which had been delayed because the agency cannot find land for
them.
He said illegal land occupation on Koh Chang must be ended in order that
Dasta could speed up its work. It would also encourage foreign investors to
open tourism-related businesses on the island.
" Foreigners are reluctant to do business here because they worry about
illegal land right documents. This trend will hurt the government's plan to
develop tourism on the island,'' said Mr Tunya.
Prasat Rimchala, head of Dasta's outreach office, said Dasta does not have
the legal power needed to do its job.
" We simply lack teeth and cannot order anyone to do anything,'' he
lamented.
Two tambon administration organisations on Koh Chang had also refused to
cooperate with Dasta because they saw the agency as a threat to their power.
The royal decree setting up Dasta which gives the agency the "power'' to run
public services on the island and oversee the island's development direction
was not helpful.
Mr Prasat also blamed a hostile relationship between Koh Chang residents and
tourism operators on one side and forestry officers on the other as one of
the major hindrances on Dasta's operation.
" People misunderstand Dasta's role,'' said Mr Prasat " They think we
conspire with Mu Koh Chang National Park's rangers, who tend to use harsh
measures to crack down on forest encroachers and seize back land,'' he said.
Moreover, forestry officers through the Mu Koh Chang National Park also
implemented controversial projects that many residents opposed, including
construction of two road projects in protected forest, a concrete walkway in
the island's most pristine mangroves, lodging houses on Koh Ngam, which is
Koh Chang's neighbouring island, and a tourist complex in the dense forest
near Klong Plu waterfall.
" We disaree with these projects too because they cause grave ecological
damage,'' said the officer. ``The national park's lodgings are poorly
designed and will spoil the plan to develop Koh Chang and its archipelago
into a high-end destination.''
A senior officer of Mu Koh Chang National Park, however, denied the
controversial projects were the National Park Department's idea.
" In fact, they are initiatives of Mr Plodprasop, which were approved by the
government in 2002,'' said the forestry officer, who declined to be named.
``We also see the projects as a threat to the fragile ecological system of
the island.''
Before Dasta was set up, the government approved 37 infrastructure
development projects worth 482.8 million baht for the Designated Area for
the Sustainable Tourism Development Committee. Nineteen were road
construction projects, worth 293.1 million baht. There were also three
wastewater treatment and garbage disposal projects.
The officer said two road projects, which trespass on the national park
area, have hurt an ecosystem of lush tropical forest and could lead to
massive forest encroachments.
" It is necessary to have roads connecting the whole island, but we wonder
if there are alternative routes that cause less damage. It was unwise to
build the roads in such pristine forest,'' he said.
The concrete walking bridge in the southern part of the island also severely
destroyed a mangrove forest, a nursing ground of marine animals, said the
officer.
Sombat Salakpetch, 62, a native to Koh Chang, blamed the government and
Dasta for ignoring the villagers' opinion in implementing the scheme.
"Over the past four years, the officers have never asked us how they should
develop this island. Things happened very fast. We had no time to prepare
and protect our communities from the influx of tourism and investments,''
said Mr Sombat.
He also called on Dasta and the national park department to stop exploiting
protected forest.
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